170 years ago, what historians called “the Spring of the Peoples” occurred: the ideals of the French Revolution that thirty years of Restoration had failed to repress and that had already shown a certain vitality in the XNUMXs, leading to the independence of Greece, resurfaced. The triad of liberty, equality and brotherhood was condensed in the concept of “nation”, capable of jeopardizing the stability of multinational empires, together with the request for liberal reforms by the bourgeois classes that were protagonists of the industrial revolution. In Italy, which the Congress of Vienna had divided into States and...